CLASS 01 · SAT READING & WRITING

Class Summary

Independent and Dependent Clauses

Review: Find Both Sentence Cores

先把选项中的词完整放回原句，再找两边主语与完整谓语；不要只凭停顿或句子长度选标点。

The first map showed only the city center. The second map also included nearby villages.

map → showed | second map → included；两边都是 IC，不能只用逗号连接。

The first meeting attracted twelve readers. The club now meets every Friday afternoon.

meeting → attracted | club → meets；时态不同不影响两边都能独立成句。

Local residents donated the materials. Volunteers installed the sign during the summer.

residents → donated | volunteers → installed；volunteers 是后一句主语，不是 donated 的第二个宾语。

IC and DC

有主语和谓语，不代表一定是 IC。because / although / when 等从属连词会使分句需要依附主句。
分句通常围绕主语和限定性谓语构成；宾语不是每个分句的必备成分。例如 Birds fly. 也是完整句。
FANBOYS 是并列连词：for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so。because 不属于 FANBOYS。
规范拼写：dependent clause；dirty；blurred；句中的 she 不大写。

I eat apples, and she eats apples.

IC, and IC.；两边能独立成句。

Because I do not like apples, I eat pears.

Because I do not like apples 是 DC；I eat pears 是 IC。because 已引出原因，不再加 so 重复连接。

DC First

前置 DC 要连接后面的主句：DC, IC.
不要用句号或分号把前置 DC 单独切开。although 已表示让步，不再用 but 重复连接主句。

Because the sensor failed, the team repeated the test.

Because 引导的原因从句在前，用逗号接主句。

Although the first result was unclear, the team kept the record.

Although … unclear 是 DC；the team kept the record 是 IC。

Because the glass was dirty, the image looked blurred.

不能写成 Because the glass was dirty. The image looked blurred.；前半句会成为 fragment。

IC First

把紧密说明原因的 because 从句放在主句后面，通常直接连接：IC because DC.
不要背成“所有后置 DC 都不加逗号”；本次规则针对紧密相连的原因从句，其他意义与结构仍需另行判断。

The team repeated the test because the sensor failed.

主句在前，because 从句紧接着说明原因。

The image looked blurred because the glass was dirty.

顺序改变，因果关系不变；这里不强加逗号；写完检查句末句号和逗号后的空格。

Keep the Whole Clause Together

先看从属连词 → 找完整主语和谓语 → 判断 IC / DC → 选择标点。
Although 从句可能很长，包含比较或修饰信息；要找到它真正结束的位置，再接主句。

Although the newer material absorbed less water than the material used in earlier helmets, it offered the same level of protection during the laboratory tests.

Although … helmets 整体是 DC；it offered … 是 IC。逗号连接，句号、分号或再加 but 都不合适。