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Joining Clauses
SAT Reading & Writing · Punctuation · Class 02

Joining Clauses

1. Quick Review: Two Independent Clauses

  • IC. IC.

    The sensor failed. The team repeated the test.

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    The sensor failed. The team repeated the test.

  • IC; IC.

    The sensor failed; the team repeated the test.

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    The sensor failed; the team repeated the test.

  • IC, FANBOYS IC.

    The sensor failed, so the team repeated the test.

    The first test was quick, but the second test took an hour.

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    FANBOYS = for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

    The sensor failed, so the team repeated the test.

    The first test was quick, but the second test took an hour.

  • Comma splice

    The sensor failed, the team repeated the test.

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    ✗ 两个独立句之间只有一个逗号。

  • 一个主语，两个动词

    The team repeated the test and checked the results.

    The team repeated the test, and the results changed.

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    ✓ The team repeated the test and checked the results. — 一个主语，两个谓语，不加逗号。

    ✓ The team repeated the test, and the results changed. — and 后有新主语 → 两个独立句 → 逗号 + and。

Review 1

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Before choosing: say the subject and verb on each side of the blank.

The first map showed only the city ______ second map also included nearby villages.
  1. center the
  2. center, the
  3. center. The
  4. center and the
Show answer
C. center. The
  • 左：The first map → showed。右：the second map → included。两边都是独立句。
  • B 单逗号 = comma splice；A 没有连接；D and 前缺逗号。

Review 2

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Before choosing: say the subject and verb on each side of the blank.

A librarian started a book club for local teenagers. The first meeting attracted twelve ______ club now meets every Friday afternoon.
  1. readers the
  2. readers, the
  3. readers and the
  4. readers. The
Show answer
D. readers. The
  • 左：The first meeting → attracted。右：the club → meets。两个独立句。
  • B 单逗号 = comma splice。

Review 3

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Before choosing: say the subject and verb on each side of the blank.

An old theater needed a new sign above its entrance. Local residents donated the ______ installed the sign during the summer.
  1. materials, volunteers
  2. materials and volunteers
  3. materials. Volunteers
  4. materials volunteers
Show answer
C. materials. Volunteers
  • 先找右边的谓语 installed → 它的主语是 Volunteers。
  • 左：Local residents → donated the materials。两个独立句。
  • B 把 materials and volunteers 读成一组宾语，installed 就没有主语了。