CLASS 02 · SAT READING & WRITING
Class Summary
Subject, Predicate and Joining Clauses
Class Recap
- 作业讲评：Extra Grammar 的 B15、B16；Week 0 语法作业里的主语 (subject) 和谓语 (predicate)。
- Joining Clauses：两个 IC 的三种连接方法、comma splice、一个主语带两个动词；Review 1–3。
- Vocabulary：habitat、organism、adaptation。
- 课后作业：Grammar 新练习（Simple and Complete Subjects / Predicates）和 SAT 20 题。
Homework Corrections
B15 · There + be
- There is / There are / There was / There were / There will be：表示“某处有某物”。真正的主语在 be 后面。
There were all kinds of wooden toys.
S（完整句）：主语 all kinds of wooden toys，动词 were。
There is a student in this classroom.
主语 a student，动词 is。
B16 · That / Which Clauses
- that、which 开头的分句是 DC，不能单独成句，要连到前面的主句上。
- built 后面还缺“建了什么”，意思也不完整。
✗ That the mysterious man had built.
F（不完整）。
The mysterious man had built a building.
补上宾语，成为完整句。
There were all kinds of wooden toys that the mysterious man had built.
和上一句合并：that 从句修饰 wooden toys。
Subject and Predicate
- 主语回答“谁 / 什么”。谓语从动词开始，包括动词和后面的宾语等：Predicate always includes the verb.
- 先找动词，再问“谁做这个动作”，就能找到主语。
The building's design | was chosen after a contest in 1791.
主语是 The building's design；was chosen（被动）是动词，谓语从这里开始。
The Irish American architect James Hoban | won five hundred dollars for his design.
won（动词）+ five hundred dollars（宾语）= 谓语；for his design 是介词短语。
The flag's thirteen stripes | stand for the nation's original thirteen colonies.
stand for = 代表，是动词。
I am shopping at the store.
be + doing 是谓语；这里 shopping 是动词“购物”，不是名词。my（On my list）是 possessive pronoun，不是名词。
Prepositional Phrases
- 介词 + 名词 = 介词短语，表示时间、地点、原因等，是修饰成分：不是主语，也不是宾语，去掉后句子仍完整。
- 常见介词：in, on, at, for, from, to, with, by, of, after, before。
After the fire, painters whitewashed the new mansion.
After the fire 是介词短语；主语 painters；谓语 whitewashed the new mansion。
Questions and Inverted Sentences
- 疑问句：先改回陈述语序，再找主语和谓语。
- 倒装：主语放到了动词后面，要按意思找“谁做这个动作”。
Can any of you explain the symbolic meaning of the flag's fifty stars?
→ Any of you can explain … 主语 any of you；谓语 can explain …
Covering smoke stains were several coats of white paint.
→ Several coats of white paint were covering the smoke stains. 真正的主语是 several coats of white paint（几层白漆）。
Joining Clauses
- 两个 IC 只有三种连法：句号；分号；逗号 + FANBOYS。分号只能放在两个 IC 之间。
The sensor failed. The team repeated the test.
IC. IC.
The sensor failed; the team repeated the test.
IC; IC.
The sensor failed, so the team repeated the test.
IC, FANBOYS IC.
✗ The sensor failed, the team repeated the test.
comma splice：只有逗号，不能连接两个 IC。
- FANBOYS（并列连词）：for 因为 · and 和 · nor 也不 · but 但是 · or 或者 · yet 然而 · so 所以。
- 一个主语带两个动词：and 前不加逗号。
The team repeated the test and checked the results.
and checked the results 没有自己的主语，是 phrase；两个动词共用主语 The team。
✗ The team repeated the test, and checked the results.
逗号多余：and 后面不是 IC。
The team repeated the test, and the results changed.
and 后面有新的主语 the results 和动词 changed：IC, and IC。
- 做题顺序：选项代回 → 找空格前后的主语和动词 → 判断 IC / DC / phrase → 再选标点。
- Review 1–3 答案：C、D、C。三题空格两边都是 IC；B 选项都只有一个逗号，是 comma splice。
Local residents donated the materials. Volunteers installed the sign during the summer.
Review 3：Volunteers installed … 有自己的主语和动词，是 IC，不是 DC。
Animals and Habitats
The wetland is a habitat for frogs, turtles, and many insects.
habitat n. 栖息地：动植物天然的家。environment 意思更宽，指周围的一切条件。
Even the smallest organism in the pond needs clean water.
organism n. 生物；有机体。
Thick white fur is an adaptation that keeps arctic foxes warm.
adaptation n.（生物）适应性特征；近义 adjustment。
This film is an adaptation of the novel of the same name.
adaptation n.（电影、小说）改编作品。
- 例句要读熟，不只背中文意思。
Review Tips
- 选标点前，先说出空格两边的主语和动词，再判断 IC / DC / phrase；不要凭第一感觉选。
- 看到 there is / there are：主语在 be 后面。
- 看到 that、which、because、although 开头的分句：先想它要连到哪个主句上。
- 找谓语时先找动词；介词短语（after the fire、for his design）先放在一边。
- SAT Practice 30 错的 6 题（Q1、Q4、Q5、Q8、Q18、Q30）都是 IC / DC 连接：3 题是 because 从句放在主句后面（不加分号，也不加 and），2 题是 DC 在前（While / When …, IC），1 题是两个 IC。