Before the exam
Listening Exam Vocabulary考前词汇与表达
按话题整理的听力常用词、词组和表达。先看国家与国籍、讲座信号词和数字变化三部分,再按话题复习。每个词先读英文、想中文,再看例句里的搭配。
12 sections · 293 items
01Countries, nationalities and places · 国家、国籍与地名73 items
讲座里常说形容词(Danish bacon、Dutch cities),表格却要国名(Denmark、the Netherlands)。听到形容词要能马上换成国名,也要会拼写。
| Country 国家 | Adjective / people 形容词 / 人 | 中文 | 注意 |
|---|---|---|---|
| the UK / Britain | British / the British | 英国 | England 只是英格兰,English 也是“英语” |
| England | English | 英格兰 | |
| Scotland | Scottish / Scots | 苏格兰 | |
| Wales | Welsh | 威尔士 | |
| Ireland | Irish | 爱尔兰 | |
| France | French | 法国 | |
| Germany | German | 德国 | |
| Italy | Italian | 意大利 | |
| Spain | Spanish / Spaniard | 西班牙 | |
| Portugal | Portuguese | 葡萄牙 | |
| the Netherlands / Holland | Dutch | 荷兰 | Dutch 不像国名,常考 |
| Belgium | Belgian | 比利时 | |
| Switzerland | Swiss | 瑞士 | |
| Austria | Austrian | 奥地利 | 别和 Australia 混 |
| Denmark | Danish / Dane | 丹麦 | 拼写 Den-mark,有 n |
| Sweden | Swedish / Swede | 瑞典 | |
| Norway | Norwegian | 挪威 | |
| Finland | Finnish / Finn | 芬兰 | |
| Iceland | Icelandic | 冰岛 | |
| Poland | Polish / Pole | 波兰 | |
| Greece | Greek | 希腊 | |
| Turkey (Türkiye) | Turkish | 土耳其 | |
| Russia | Russian | 俄罗斯 | |
| the USA / the United States | American | 美国 | |
| Canada | Canadian | 加拿大 | |
| Mexico | Mexican | 墨西哥 | |
| Brazil | Brazilian | 巴西 | |
| Argentina | Argentinian | 阿根廷 | |
| Colombia | Colombian | 哥伦比亚 | 拼写 Col-om-bia,不是 Columbia |
| Peru | Peruvian | 秘鲁 | |
| Chile | Chilean | 智利 | |
| Ecuador | Ecuadorian | 厄瓜多尔 | 读 /ˈekwədɔː/ |
| Costa Rica | Costa Rican | 哥斯达黎加 | |
| China | Chinese | 中国 | |
| Japan | Japanese | 日本 | |
| South Korea | Korean | 韩国 | |
| India | Indian | 印度 | |
| Pakistan | Pakistani | 巴基斯坦 | |
| Bangladesh | Bangladeshi | 孟加拉国 | |
| Vietnam | Vietnamese | 越南 | |
| Thailand | Thai | 泰国 | |
| Indonesia | Indonesian | 印度尼西亚 | |
| Malaysia | Malaysian | 马来西亚 | |
| Singapore | Singaporean | 新加坡 | |
| the Philippines | Filipino / Philippine | 菲律宾 | 国名 Ph,人 F |
| Australia | Australian | 澳大利亚 | |
| New Zealand | New Zealander / Kiwi | 新西兰 | New Zealand lamb 新西兰羊肉 |
| Egypt | Egyptian | 埃及 | |
| Morocco | Moroccan | 摩洛哥 | |
| Kenya | Kenyan | 肯尼亚 | |
| Nigeria | Nigerian | 尼日利亚 | |
| South Africa | South African | 南非 | |
| Saudi Arabia | Saudi | 沙特阿拉伯 | |
| the UAE | Emirati | 阿联酋 |
Regions 地区
- Latin America拉丁美洲(墨西哥及以南)
- North Africa北非
- sub-Saharan Africa撒哈拉以南非洲
- the Middle East中东
- Southeast Asia东南亚
- Scandinavia / Scandinavian斯堪的纳维亚(北欧)
- Western / Eastern / Southern Europe西欧 / 东欧 / 南欧
- the Mediterranean地中海地区
- developing countries / developed countries发展中国家 / 发达国家
- low-income / middle-income countries低收入 / 中等收入国家
Places in the course talks 课程讲座里出现的地名
- London / Westminster伦敦 / 威斯敏斯特(伦敦市中心区)
- Groningen格罗宁根(荷兰城市,自行车城市)
- Paris巴黎
- Manila马尼拉(菲律宾首都)
- Los Angeles洛杉矶
- Silicon Valley硅谷(美国科技公司聚集地)
- Wall Street华尔街(美国金融中心)
- the World Bank世界银行
- the World Health Organization (WHO)世界卫生组织
02Lecture signposts and the speaker’s view · 讲座信号词与讲者态度26 items
信号词告诉你下一句是什么:原因、结果、例子、转折还是结论。转折词(however、but)后面常是答案。
Structure 讲座结构
- Today I’d like to talk about …今天我想讲……(引出主题)
- I’ll begin by … / Then I’ll move on to …我先讲……/然后讲……(结构题依据)
- Firstly … Secondly … Finally …第一……第二……最后……
- Let’s now turn to … / Moving on to …现在转到……
- To sum up / In conclusion / To conclude总结一下(态度题常在这里)
Cause and result 原因与结果
- due to / owing to / because of由于(后接原因)Diets became more varied, due partly to globalisation.
- as a result / as a consequence结果是
- lead to / result in导致(后接结果)Later bedtimes can lead to daytime tiredness.
- result from由……引起(后接原因)The delays resulted from a lack of staff.
- this means that … / so …这意味着……
- the main reason is …主要原因是……
Examples and contrast 举例与转折
- for example / for instance / such as例如(后面是例子,不是观点)
- however / but / although / whereas但是 / 虽然 / 而(重点常在后半句)
- on the other hand另一方面
- in fact / actually事实上(常纠正前面的说法)
- it’s not that … it’s that …不是……而是……(答案在后半)
- that was not the reason那不是原因(排除干扰)
Attitude words 态度词
- cautious谨慎的(支持但有保留)
- sceptical怀疑的
- optimistic / pessimistic乐观的 / 悲观的
- critical (of)批评的
- neutral中立的
- convinced确信的
- in favour of / against支持 / 反对
- overstated / exaggerated被夸大的The speaker thinks the problem is overstated.
- I would argue that … / In my view …我认为……(讲者自己的观点)
03Numbers, change and comparison · 数字、变化与比较19 items
填空常考变化方向和程度:more / less / fewer、double、a third 不能漏。数字要听清单位。
Numbers 数字
- per cent / percentage百分之…… / 百分比Sales increased by twenty per cent.
- a million / a billion百万 / 十亿1 billion = 10 亿
- a half / a third / a quarter一半 / 三分之一 / 四分之一
- double / triple两倍 / 三倍The UK uses double the energy.
- four times as much as是……的四倍
- the 1990s / in the early 18th century20 世纪 90 年代 / 18 世纪初
- average / on average平均 / 平均来说别和 leverage 混
Change 变化
- rise / increase / grow上升 / 增加 / 增长
- fall / decrease / decline / drop下降 / 减少
- steady / stable平稳的
- fluctuate波动
- a spike / seasonal spikes突然猛增 / 季节性激增
- sharply / dramatically / slightly / gradually急剧地 / 显著地 / 稍微 / 逐渐地
- peak / reach a peak高峰 / 达到最高点
Comparison 比较
- more / less / fewer + noun更多 / 更少(fewer 接可数名词)
- more frequent / more regular更频繁
- higher / lower than比……高 / 低
- compared with / in comparison to与……相比
- the same as / similar to和……一样 / 相似
04Cities and transport · 城市与交通20 items
Key words 关键词
- urban / rural城市的 / 农村的
- population density人口密度
- commuter / commute通勤者 / 通勤Thousands of commuters travel into the city every day.
- congestion交通拥堵
- infrastructure基础设施(道路、铁路等)
- public transport公共交通
- the underground / the Tube地铁(伦敦地铁叫 the Tube)
- pedestrian行人
- cycle lane自行车道
- suburbs / urban sprawl郊区 / 城市无序扩张
- vehicle车辆
- emissions排放(尾气)
- capacity容量;承载能力
Expressions 表达
- rush hour / peak time高峰时段
- the daytime population白天人口(白天在该区的人数)
- congestion charge拥堵费
- car-sharing / bike-sharing scheme共享汽车 / 共享单车计划
- in the short term / in the long term短期 / 长期
- meet demand满足需求The trains cannot meet demand at rush hour.
- invest in投资于
05Food and farming · 食物与农业22 items
Key words 关键词
- food miles食物里程(食物从产地到消费者的距离)
- import / export进口 / 出口
- local produce本地农产品produce 作名词重音在前
- seasonal季节性的
- perishable易腐烂的
- producer / consumer生产者 / 消费者
- supplier / retailer供应商 / 零售商
- supply chain供应链
- harvest收获
- fertiliser / pesticide肥料 / 农药
- organic有机的
- Fair Trade公平贸易
- food waste食物浪费
- carbon footprint碳足迹
Expressions 表达
- buying leverage采购议价能力Large orders give supermarkets more buying leverage.
- squeeze prices压低价格
- lower profits for the producer生产者利润降低
- a varied / balanced diet多样 / 均衡的饮食
- all year round一年四季
- grown on home soil本国种植的
- shelf life保质期
- energy efficient节能的
06Health, sleep and lifestyle · 健康、睡眠与生活方式25 items
Key words 关键词
- sleep deprivation睡眠不足
- sleepiness / drowsiness困倦sleepy → sleepiness,不是 sleepness
- adolescent / teenager青少年
- physiology生理
- symptom症状
- sedentary久坐的A sedentary lifestyle increases health risks.
- physical activity / exercise体育活动 / 运动
- muscle肌肉
- blood pressure血压
- cardiovascular disease心血管疾病
- obesity肥胖
- chronic慢性的;长期的
- wellbeing健康幸福
- exposure (to)暴露(于)Long exposure to traffic noise affects sleep.
- hearing loss听力损失
- premature death过早死亡
Expressions 表达
- daytime tiredness白天疲倦
- a phase delay(睡眠)时相延迟
- irregular sleep不规律的睡眠
- sitting still and focused坐得住、专注
- prolonged sitting长时间久坐
- break up sitting time打断久坐时间
- affect / have an effect on影响affect 动词,effect 名词
- raise awareness of提高对……的认识
- reduce the risk of降低……的风险
07Education and young people · 教育与年轻人17 items
Key words 关键词
- curriculum / national curriculum课程 / 国家课程
- academic performance学业表现
- grades成绩
- attendance出勤
- assessment评估;考核
- alertness警觉;清醒
- positivity积极情绪
- attention span注意力持续时间
- researcher / study / findings研究者 / 研究 / 研究发现
- policy / legislation政策 / 立法
- educators教育工作者
Expressions 表达
- later school start times推迟上学时间
- public awareness公众认识Further studies and greater public awareness are needed.
- academic development学业发展
- continued research into对……的持续研究
- draw a conclusion得出结论
- the evidence suggests that …证据表明……
08Technology and the law · 科技与法律21 items
Key words 关键词
- law / legislation / regulation法律 / 立法 / 法规
- introduce / pass a law出台 / 通过法律
- copyright版权
- licence (n.) / license (v.)执照 / 许可英式名词 licence
- drone无人机
- privacy隐私
- surveillance监控
- trolling / troll网络恶意挑衅 / 网络喷子
- harassment骚扰
- conviction定罪
- restrictive限制性的
- compulsory purchase强制收购(土地)
- printing press / printing machines印刷机
Expressions 表达
- keep up with跟上The law cannot keep up with the pace of change.
- come into effect生效
- comply with the law遵守法律
- inspect a roof (for damage)检查屋顶(是否损坏)
- a conflict zone / a disaster zone冲突地区 / 灾区
- take responsibility for为……负责
- act responsibly负责任地行事
- ban / be banned禁止 / 被禁止
09Business and computing · 商业与计算机21 items
Key words 关键词
- cloud computing云计算
- provider / service provider服务提供商
- software / application (app)软件 / 应用程序
- update / upgrade更新 / 升级
- data / data storage数据 / 数据存储
- back up data / a backup备份数据 / 备份
- security安全
- connectivity网络连接
- reliability可靠性
- customisation定制
- usability易用性
- e-commerce电子商务
- competition / competitor竞争 / 竞争对手
Expressions 表达
- try out试用Try out the service before you commit to it.
- work out of the box开箱即用
- pay only for what you use用多少付多少
- business models change fast商业模式变化快
- be reluctant to switch不愿意更换
- a service-level agreement服务水平协议
- a good reputation好名声
- roll out推出;推广The company rolled out its online store across Europe.
10Work and the future · 工作与未来17 items
Key words 关键词
- automation自动化
- artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能
- robotics / robot机器人技术 / 机器人
- workforce / workers劳动力 / 工人
- task任务
- skills / talents技能 / 才能
- income收入
- industry行业;工业
- employment / unemployment就业 / 失业
- the financial centre金融中心
- stock exchange证券交易所
Expressions 表达
- jobs disappear工作消失
- replace workers取代工人
- routine tasks重复性工作
- flexible working / remote work灵活工作 / 远程工作
- retrain / learn new skills再培训 / 学习新技能
- the general consensus is that …普遍看法是……
11Environment and pollution · 环境与污染18 items
Key words 关键词
- air pollution / pollutant空气污染 / 污染物
- emissions排放
- carbon dioxide (CO₂)二氧化碳
- fossil fuels化石燃料
- renewable energy可再生能源
- climate change / global warming气候变化 / 全球变暖
- sustainability / sustainable可持续性 / 可持续的
- freight货运
- electrification电气化
- noise pollution噪音污染
- biodiversity生物多样性
- pollinators / bees授粉昆虫 / 蜜蜂
Expressions 表达
- the environmental impact对环境的影响
- reduce emissions减少排放
- the cost to the economy对经济的损失
- implement policies实施政策
- clean air清洁空气
- quiet spaces安静空间
12Economy and society · 经济与社会14 items
Key words 关键词
- budget / budget cuts预算 / 预算削减
- funding资金
- government spending政府开支
- cost of living生活成本
- poverty / inequality贫困 / 不平等
- tax / taxation税 / 税收
- subsidy补贴
- economy / economic经济 / 经济的
- patriotic爱国的Patriotic shoppers will pay more for local food.
Expressions 表达
- be worth (+ amount)价值……The market is worth almost 2.5 billion dollars.
- cut costs / save money削减成本 / 省钱
- pass the saving on to customers把节省的钱让利给顾客
- in the long run从长远来看
- a step towards迈向……的一步